LMLK Type H4L Seals
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Actual size:  35 x 23mm (1.4 x 0.9")

These impressions have been excavated from:
Note:  Stamp listings are in the following format:
Seal Type, Seal Orientation, Pottery Type, Incision Type

  1. H4L, 1:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Dan Gross (ID#7; click for detailed photos):

  2. H4L, 1:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Stephen C. Meyers (ID#4; click for detailed photos):

  3. H4L, 1:00, xxx, 0 from Lachish, Reg. #7884-1 at the IAA (#1978-831):

  4. H4L, 5:00, xxx, P from TA vol. 10 #2 by David Ussishkin (Lachish 11207/1; RAEL #378-42):


    5. Note:  This impression also appears in "The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume IV" by David Ussishkin

  5. H4L, 5:00, SGC, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#23; click for detailed photos):

  6. H4L, 5:00, SGx, 0 from the private collection of Ken Baumheckel (ID#1; click for detailed photos):

  7. H4L, 5:00, xxx, 0 from "The Alphabet Volume 2" by David Diringer (Fig. 14.5; relative #2):

  8. H4L, 6:00, AGC, 0 at the Museum of Archaeology & Biblical History (ID# 01.191.1A; click for detailed photos):

  9. H4L, 6:00, AGC, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#55; click for detailed photos):

  10. H4L, 6:00, AGC, 0 from a private collection in Boston (ID#10; click for detailed photos):

  11. H4L, 6:00, AGC, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#131; click for detailed photos):

  12. H4L, 6:00, AGG, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#25; click for detailed photos):

  13. H4L, 6:00, AGG, 0 from a private collection in Boston (ID#7; click for detailed photos):

  14. H4L, 6:00, AGx, x from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#197; click for detailed photos):

  15. H4L, 6:00, Axx, 0 formerly owned by The Baidun Family--present location unknown (LMLK Dotcom ID# 010; click for detailed photos):

  16. H4L, 6:00, SGC, 0 from the Bade Institute at the Pacific School of Religion (Nasbeh M2865; click for detailed photos):


    17. Note:  This impression also appears in "Tell en-Nasbeh volume 1" by Chester McCown

  17. H4L, 6:00, SGC, x from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#179; click for detailed photos):

  18. H4L, 6:00, SGG, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 955; museum ID# 61-14-1191; click for detailed photos)

  19. H4L, 6:00, SGG, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 1262; museum ID# 61-14-1189; click for detailed photos)

  20. H4L, 6:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#97; click for detailed photos):

  21. H4L, 6:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#155; click for detailed photos):

  22. H4L, 6:00, SGx, 0 reproduced by permission of the Palestine Exploration Fund in London, England (#4465):

  23. H4L, 6:00, SGx, 0 formerly in the Chaya collection--present location unknown (LMLK Dotcom ID# 044; click for detailed photos):

  24. H4L, 6:00, SGx, 0 at The Jewish Museum (New York) (#12-73.285; from Lachish):


  25. H4L, 6:00, Sxx, 0 at The Jewish Museum (New York) (#12-73.287; from Lachish):


  26. H4L, 6:00, Sxx, 0 from TA vol. 10 #2 by David Ussishkin (Jewish Museum #12-73.277; from Lachish):

  27. H4L, 6:00, Sxx, 0 from the Living Torah Museum, lent by Harvey Herbert (ID#8; click for detailed photos):

  28. H4L, 6:00, Sxx, 0 formerly owned by Robert Deutsch--present location unknown (LMLK Dotcom ID# 058; click for detailed photos):

  29. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from the University of Pennsylvania Museum Photo Archives (Gibeon field # 482; stamp # 185; click for details):


    30. Note:  This impression also appears in "Hebrew Inscriptions and Stamps from Gibeon" by James B. Pritchard

  30. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations in Palestine During the Years 1898-1900" by Frederick Jones Bliss & R.A. Stewart Macalister (from Azekah; IDAM P-1497):


    31. Note:  This impression & its handle were originally described & illustrated in PEQ vol. 31, 4-1899, pp. 103-4; but the black/white photo also appears in:
    • "Ancient Hebrew Arts" by A. Reifenberg
    • BA vol. 30 #2 by H. Darrell Lance
    • BA vol. 35 #5 by A.R. Millard
    • BA vol. 38 #2 by Ephraim Stern
    • Bible & Spade vol. 2 #3 by A.R. Millard
    • "Bible Side-Lights from the Mound of Gezer" by R.A. Stewart Macalister
    • "Canaan d'Apres l'Exploration Recente" by Hugues Vincent
    • "Der Alt Orient 30. Band" by Peter Thomsen
    • "Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Ji-N)" by Michael Avi-Yonah, Ephraim Stern, & M. Broshi
    • "Eretz-Israel vol. 15" by Andre Lemaire
    • "Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions" by Shmuel Ahituv
    • "Inscriptions Reveal" by The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
    • "Israel Pocket Library:  Archaeology" by Michael Avi-Yonah
    • "Le Iscrizioni Antico-Ebraiche Palestinesi" by David Diringer
    • "LMLK--A Mystery Belonging to the King vol. 1" by G.M. Grena
    • "Sefer Hebron" ("CFR HBRUN" in Hebrew) by Oded Avissar
    • "The Hebrew Scripts, Part Two, The Plates, 1954-1957" by Solomon A. Birnbaum
    • "The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Jo-Pel)" by Ephraim Stern & Magen Broshi

    A color photo of the entire handle appears in "Archaeology in the Land of the Bible" by Avraham Negev

  31. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Amphoras & the Ancient Wine Trade" by Virginia R. Grace (Lachish ID# 415; click for detailed photos):

  32. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Syria vol. 6" by Rene Dussaud (Pl. XLIII top-right; "cliche du Palestine Exploration Fund"):

  33. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Syria vol. 6" by Rene Dussaud (Pl. XLIII bottom-left; "cliche du Palestine Exploration Fund"):

  34. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from Lachish, at the IAA (#1933-2110):

  35. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from Lachish, at the IAA (#1955-4; surface find):

  36. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from Lachish, at the IAA (#1978-1503; RAEL #357-21 on complete jar 8585):

  37. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from Jerusalem, Shiloh's City of David Reg. #E1-9897 (M1) at the IAA (#1986-1817):

  38. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from Gezer at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum (click for detailed photos by Todd Bolen of BiblePlaces Dotcom):

  39. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #591-2; 7-3):

  40. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "The Alphabet Volume 2" by David Diringer (Fig. 14.5; relative #4):

  41. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "The Alphabet Volume 2" by David Diringer (Fig. 14.5; relative #5):

  42. H4L, 6:00, xxx, x from "The Alphabet Volume 2" by David Diringer (Fig. 14.5; relative #3):

  43. H4L, 6:00, xxx, x from Ekron, low-resolution sample photo by Zev Radovan (ID# 2366):

  44. H4L, 7:00, ACx, 0 from the private collection of Herbert B. Stearns (ID#1; click for detailed photos):

  45. H4L, 7:00, AGC, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#156; click for detailed photos):

  46. H4L, 7:00, AGG, 0 from Beth Shemesh at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (museum ID# 61-14-1181; click for detailed photos)

  47. H4L, 7:00, AGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#157; click for detailed photos):

  48. H4L, 7:00, SCC, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 1261; museum ID# 61-14-1183; click for detailed photos)

  49. H4L, 7:00, SCC, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#144; click for detailed photos):

  50. H4L, 7:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#100; click for detailed photos):

  51. H4L, 7:00, xxx, 0 from TA vol. 5 #1-2 by David Ussishkin (RAEL #356-20 on complete jar 8585 from Lachish):

  52. H4L, 7:00, xxx, 0 from Beth Shemesh, Reg. #1172 at the IAA (#I.5869):

  53. H4L, 7:00, xxx, 0 from Beth Shemesh, Reg. #1271 at the IAA (#I.8666):

  54. H4L, 7:00, xxx, 0 from "Jerusalem:  Excavating 3000 Years of History" by Kathleen M. Kenyon" (from Lachish):

  55. H4L, 7:00, xxx, 0 low-resolution sample photo by Zev Radovan (ID# 773-2):

  56. H4L, 11:00, AGC, 0 at the Museum of Archaeology & Biblical History (ID# 01.192.1A; click for detailed photos):

  57. H4L, 11:00, AGG, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#10; click for detailed photos):

  58. H4L, 11:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#138; click for detailed photos):

  59. H4L, 12:00, AGG, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 1001; museum ID# 61-14-1190; click for detailed photos)

  60. H4L, 12:00, AGG, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#14; click for detailed photos):

  61. H4L, 12:00, AGG, 0 from a private collection in Redondo Beach (ID#29; click for detailed photos):

  62. H4L, 12:00, AGG, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Gibeon field # 336; stamp # 90; museum ID# 60-13-75; click for detailed photos):

  63. H4L, 12:00, AGG, 2 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Gibeon field # 491; stamp # 194; museum ID# 60-13-50; click for detailed photos):

  64. H4L, 12:00, SGC, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 954; museum ID# 61-14-1188; click for detailed photos)

  65. H4L, 12:00, SGC, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Beth Shemesh ID# 1311; museum ID# 61-14-1179; click for detailed photos)

  66. H4L, 12:00, SGC, 0 from the Bade Institute at the Pacific School of Religion (Nasbeh M405; click for detailed photos):

  67. H4L, 12:00, SGC, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#110; click for detailed photos):

  68. H4L, 12:00, SGC, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#193; click for detailed photos):

  69. H4L, 12:00, SGG, 0 from the Bade Institute at the Pacific School of Religion (Nasbeh M2827; click for detailed photos):


    70. Note:  This impression also appears in "Tell en-Nasbeh volume 1" by Chester McCown

  70. H4L, 12:00, SGG, 0 at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Gibeon field # 455; stamp # 168; museum ID# 60-13-79; click for detailed photos):

  71. H4L, 12:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#4; click for detailed photos):

  72. H4L, 12:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#5; click for detailed photos):

  73. H4L, 12:00, SGG, 0 from the private collection of Michael Welch (ID#6; click for detailed photos):

  74. H4L, 12:00, SGx, 0 from the private collection of Jared James Clark (ID#4; click for detailed photos):

  75. H4L, 12:00, SGx, 0 reproduced by permission of the Palestine Exploration Fund in London, England (#4467):

  76. H4L, 12:00, SGx, 0 (RAEL #230, WA1980.12-14.4145 from Lachish; on display at the British Museum):

  77. H4L, 12:00, Sxx, 0 at The Jewish Museum (New York) (#12-73.284; from Lachish):

  78. H4L, 12:00, Sxx, 0 at The Jewish Museum (New York) (#12-73.289; from Lachish):

  79. H4L, 12:00, Sxx, 0 from TA vol. 5 #1-2 by David Ussishkin (RAEL #351-15 on complete jar 10091 from Lachish):


    80. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • BAR vol. 5 #6 by David Ussishkin
    • "The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib" by David Ussishkin
    • "The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volumes I & IV" by David Ussishkin

  80. H4L, 12:00, Sxx, x from "The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume I" by David Ussishkin (RAEL #367-31 from Lachish):


    81. Note:  The color photo also appears in BAR vol. 31 #4 by Philip J. King
    The black/white stamp appears in:
    • BAR vol. 23 #5 by Jane M. Cahill
    • NEASB vol. 46 by Chang-Ho Ji
    • Qadmoniot vol. 9 #2-3 (34-35) by David Ussishkin
    • "The Archaeology of Ancient Israel" by Amnon Ben-Tor & Gabriel Barkay
    • "The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib" by David Ussishkin
    • "The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume IV" by David Ussishkin

  81. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from TA vol. 5 #1-2 by David Ussishkin (on complete jar 8162 from Lachish):

  82. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "Gezer II:  Report of the 1967-70 Seasons in Fields I & II vol. 2" by William G. Dever & Dan P. Cole, distributed by The Israel Exploration Society (Gezer #342):

  83. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land volume 1 (A-El)" edited by Ephraim Stern, distributed by The Israel Exploration Society (excavated from Beth Shemesh):

  84. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #944-1; 7-1 & 29-1; mistakenly shown as being from both seasons; IAA #1962-41):


    85. Note:  This impression also appears in BA vol. 24 #4 by Yohanan Aharoni

  85. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #8105-2; 38-1; documented by the IAA as #1964-1766 in their database but #1964-1750 on their photo):

  86. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from Lachish, Reg. #9279-1 at the IAA (#1978-830):

  87. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from Rimmon (Tel Halif), Reg. #978 at the IAA (#1983-845):

  88. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from Jerusalem, Shiloh's City of David Reg. #D2-14146 (M3) at the IAA (#1996-3321):

  89. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from Beth Shemesh, Reg. #131 at the IAA (#I.422):

  90. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from an undocumented excavation, kept at the IAA (#P.543):

  91. H4L, 12:00, xxx, x from Beth Shemesh via Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 Nov 2000; ID# 086r0):

  92. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume IV" by David Ussishkin (RAEL #352-16 on complete jar 8162 from Lachish):

  93. H4L, x:00, xxx, x plaster cast from Beth Shemesh at the Magill Library (website ID# AS-1)

  94. H4L, x:00, xxx, x plaster cast from Beth Shemesh at the Magill Library ("under II 31" noted on cast; website ID# AS-2)

  95. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Israel in Antiquity" by The Jewish Museum (New York) (#12-73.278):

  96. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Investigations at Lachish:  The Sanctuary & the Residency (Lachish V)" by Yohanan Aharoni (Lachish 303-2; 19-6):

  97. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Investigations at Lachish:  The Sanctuary & the Residency (Lachish V)" by Yohanan Aharoni (Lachish 742-2; 19-3):

  98. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Investigations at Lachish:  The Sanctuary & the Residency (Lachish V)" by Yohanan Aharoni (Lachish 794-1; 19-11):

  99. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Investigations at Lachish:  The Sanctuary & the Residency (Lachish V)" by Yohanan Aharoni (Lachish 843-2; 19-7):

  100. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from PEQ 7-1941 published by The Palestine Exploration Fund (Lachish #6-9):


    101. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • "L'Epigrafia Ebraica Antica 1935-1950" by Sabatino Moscati
    • "Lachish III (Tel ed-Duweir):  The Iron Age (Plates)" by Olga Tufnell

  101. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from PEQ 7-1941 published by The Palestine Exploration Fund (Lachish #6-10):


    102. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • "L'Epigrafia Ebraica Antica 1935-1950" by Sabatino Moscati
    • "Lachish III (Tel ed-Duweir):  The Iron Age (Plates)" by Olga Tufnell

  102. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from PEQ 7-1941 published by The Palestine Exploration Fund (Lachish #6-11):


    103. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • "L'Epigrafia Ebraica Antica 1935-1950" by Sabatino Moscati
    • "Lachish III (Tel ed-Duweir):  The Iron Age (Plates)" by Olga Tufnell

  103. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from PEQ 7-1941 published by The Palestine Exploration Fund (Lachish #6-12):


    104. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • "L'Epigrafia Ebraica Antica 1935-1950" by Sabatino Moscati
    • "Lachish III (Tel ed-Duweir):  The Iron Age (Plates)" by Olga Tufnell
    • "The Alphabet Volume 2" by David Diringer
    • "The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible" by O. Tufnell & George Arthur Buttrick

  104. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Qedem:  Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 41" by Donald T. Ariel & Yair Shoham, distributed by The Israel Exploration Society (Shiloh's City of David; Jerusalem M2, E1-3422):

  105. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #2120-1; 29-5):

  106. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #4194-4; 38-2):

  107. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (Ramat Rahel #8077-1; 38-3):

  108. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Tell en-Nasbeh volume 1" by Chester McCown (Nasbeh #998):

"Keep me as the apple of Your eye; hide me under the shadow of Your wings..."--Psalm 17:8
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 This page was created on May 8, 2002, & last updated on February 18, 2012