LMLK Seals from Ramat Rahel
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Note:  Large dot indicates approximate location of Ramat Rahel ("Height of Rachel", not to be confused with nearby Kever Rahel, the traditional site of her tomb).

General statistics:
    Note--The sub-quantities are from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni & only represent 146 of the 164 excavated to date (per BAR vol. 32 #5).  One additional one not counted by Vaughn was mentioned by Diringer in BA v12 as being found in 1931.  Another surface find was reported in May, 2008 by Steven Sanchez.  Several others are pending publication by Oded Lipschits found during his renewed excavations.

  • 30 HBRN
  • 25 MMST
  • 07 SUKE
  • 35 ZYF
  • 02 Generic
  • 48 cannot classify by inscription


  • 132 2-winged
  • 014 4-winged


  • 077 unpublished
Specific statistics: Generic HBRN MMST SUKE ZYF
2-Winged (Rigid & Top-Register) 2 0 1 0 0
2-Winged Divided   9 9 2 11
2-Winged Undivided   4 5 2 0
4-Winged Lapidarist   6 0 1 0
4-Winged Cursory (many; all Type 484s)   1     4
4-Winged Cursory (few; mostly pithoi)     0   0

    G2T

  1. G2T, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1299-1; 30-3):


  2. G2T, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (695-1; 30-2):


    3. H2D

  3. H2D, 3:00, xxx, 0 (personal seal 626-22b on same handle) from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (367; 6-2):


    4. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • "Archaeological Discoveries in the Holy Land" by Yohanan Aharoni
    • "The Archaeology of the Land of Israel" by Yohanan Aharoni
    • "Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (O-Z)" by Michael Avi-Yonah, Ephraim Stern, & Y. Aharoni
    • "Inscriptions Reveal" by The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
    • "New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (Pet-Z)" by Ephraim Stern & Yohanan Aharoni

  4. H2D, 3:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8005-1; 38-7; IAA #1964-1764):


  5. H2D, 3:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (872-9; 7-5):


  6. H2D, 4:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #1834-2 at the IAA (#1964-1761):


  7. H2D, 6:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #1740-3 at the IAA (#1964-1744):


  8. H2D, 9:00, xxx, x Reg. #6616 at the IAA (#1964-2363):


  9. H2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1321-2; 29-7):


  10. H2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4212-2; 38-9):


  11. H2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8062-1; 38-8):


    12. H2U

  12. H2U, 3:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #3003-8 at the IAA (#1964-1767):


  13. H2U, 9:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #662-1 at the IAA (#1964-1763):


  14. H2U, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (872-11; 29-6):


  15. H2U, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4063-2; 38-6):


    16. H4C

  16. H4C, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (5667-1; 38-4):


    17. H4L

  17. H4L, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (591-2; 7-3):


  18. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (944-1; 7-1 & 29-1; mistakenly shown as being from both seasons; IAA #1962-41):


    19. Note:  This impression also appears in BA vol. 24 #4 by Yohanan Aharoni

  19. H4L, 12:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8105-2; 38-1; documented by the IAA as #1964-1766 in their database but #1964-1750 on their photo):


  20. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (2120-1; 29-5):


  21. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4194-4; 38-2):


  22. H4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8077-1; 38-3):


    23. M2D

  23. M2D, 4:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (2162-1; 29-12; IAA #1962-38):


    24. Note:  This impression also appears in:

  24. M2D, 5:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #7444 at the IAA (#1954-351):


  25. M2D, 9:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #6513-1 at the IAA (#1964-2685):


  26. M2D, 10:00, xxx, 0 Kenyon's City of David Reg. #6794 at the IAA (#1968-1206):


  27. M2D, 10:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1448-1; 29-11):


    28. Note:  This impression also appears in:
    • BA vol. 32 #5 by Gabriel Barkay
    • "Il Colle di Rachele" by Giovanni Garbini

  28. M2D, x:00, xxx, 2 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1284-1; 30-1):


  29. M2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8119-1; 39-8):


  30. M2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (6566-1; 39-9):


  31. M2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4285-1; 39-10):


    32. M2T

  32. M2T, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (3133-1; 39-11):


    33. M2U

  33. M2U, 4:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (866-2; 7-6):


  34. M2U, 4:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (3417-1; 39-6):


  35. M2U, 9:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #3536-1 at the IAA (#1964-1750 in their database but #1964-1766 on their photo):


  36. M2U, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (394-1; 29-10):


  37. M2U, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (5471-2; 39-7):


    38. S2DW

  38. S2DW, 9:00, xxx, 2 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4529-1; 39-5):


  39. S2DW, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4322-1; 39-4):


    40. S2U

  40. S2U, 9:00, SGx, 0 from Sarah Lepisto and Steven H. Sanchez (#5434 found on surface in May, 2008; click for details):

  41. S2U, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (3003-2; 39-3):


    42. S4L

  42. S4L, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (2400-1; 29-4):


    43. Type x2xR (rigid wing design)

  43. x2xR, 9:00, xxx, 0 from IEJ vol. 6 #3 published by The Israel Exploration Society (Ramat Rahel #25-2):


    44. Note:  Probably an M2T based on the wing design & possibly a portion of the tau remaining

    x2x

  44. x2x, 5:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #9084 at the IAA (#1964-2288):


  45. x2x, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1321-4; 29-9):


    46. Note:  This impression also appears in "Eretz-Israel vol. 15" by Andre Lemaire
    Click here for info on the controversial Type G2B (Lemaire's type "O II")

  46. x2x, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1683-3; 29-8):


    47. Note:  Top half matches the H2D; bottom half matches the S2DW

    Z2D

  47. Z2D, 3:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #1321-5 at the IAA (#1964-1760):


  48. Z2D, 4:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #769-2 at the IAA (#1964-1758):


  49. Z2D, 5:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #866-3 at the IAA (#1962-26):


  50. Z2D, 8:00, xxx, 2 from IEJ vol. 6 #3 published by The Israel Exploration Society (Ramat Rahel #25-3):


  51. Z2D, 9:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4436-1; 39-1; IAA #1964-1759):


  52. Z2D, 10:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (866-1; IAA #62-40):


    53. Note:  This impression also appears in:

  53. Z2D, 10:00, xxx, 0 Reg. #695-2 at the IAA (#1964-1756):


  54. Z2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8014-1; 38-10):


  55. Z2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (4273-3; 38-11):


  56. Z2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (6138-2; 38-12):


  57. Z2D, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (5064-1; 39-2):


    58. Z4CI

  58. Z4CI, 6:00, xxx, 0 from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (278-1; 7-2):


    59. Note:  This impression also appears in "Archaeological Discoveries in the Holy Land" by Yohanan Aharoni

  59. Z4CI, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1043-2 [possibly a typo that should be 1403-2]; 29-3):


  60. Z4CI, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1959 & 1960" by Yohanan Aharoni (1403-1; 29-2):


  61. Z4CI, x:00, xxx, x from "Excavations at Ramat Rahel:  Seasons 1961 & 1962" by Yohanan Aharoni (8008-1; 38-5):


"And look, his daughter Rachel is coming with the sheep."--Genesis 29:6
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 This page was created on January 25, 2003, & last updated on November 29, 2013